Prairie Rattlesnake

Prairie rattlesnakes are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, shrublands, grasslands, and even deserts. They tend to live in areas with a high concentration of food sources. Dens are often situated on rocky outcrops, and many subspecies’ ranges reflect this preference. Rattlesnakes of the prairie appear to favor arid environments with average plant cover.

Prairie Rattlesnake

Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

The venom contains proteolytic enzymes, similar to that of other American pit vipers. Proteolytic venoms aid in the incapacitating of prey by causing tissue destruction via the catabolism of structural and other proteins. The hemotoxic effects of C. atrox venom are most prominent in its effects on the cardiovascular system, blood cells, and blood vessels. Hemorrhagic zinc metalloproteinases are present in the venom. Toxins in the venom, called cytotoxins and myotoxins, target cells and muscles, wreaking havoc on the body and primarily affecting the cardiovascular system. Myonecrosis (skeletal muscle damage) is caused by venom metalloproteinases and appears to be a secondary effect of the ischemia that develops in muscle tissue as a result of the bleeding and decreased perfusion.

Western Diamondback Rattlesnake